BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Steam, 2004

اختصاصی از یاری فایل BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Steam, 2004 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

43 صفحه

BP Process Safety Series Hazards of Steam, 2004

A collection of booklets describing hazards and
how to manage them

سرفصلها:

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Properties of steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Purging with steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4 Blanketing with steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5 Hazards from condensing steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6 Water from steam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7 Thermal expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8 Stresses in equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9 Static charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
10 Water in steam lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
11 Steam burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
12 Miscellaneous hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
13 Some points to remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Test yourself! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

BP Process Safety Series Safe Furnace and Boiler Firing, 2012

اختصاصی از یاری فایل BP Process Safety Series Safe Furnace and Boiler Firing, 2012 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

77 صفحه

BP Process Safety Series Safe Furnace and Boiler Firing, 2012

A collection of booklets describing hazards and
how to manage them

سرفصلها:

1 Introduction ....................................... 1
2 How fired heaters work ............................. 3
2.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 Draught (UK)/Draft (US) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3 Explosions ....................................... 24
4 Fuelsystems ..................................... 29
4.1 Fuel-gas lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.2 Condensate in fuel-gas lines ........................... 31
Water in fuel oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Disposal of waste gases or vapours by burning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Burners ......................................... 35
Premix gas burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Non-premix gas burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Steam-atomizing oil burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Combination burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Pilot burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Automatic controls for burner regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Modification of burner systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Furnace lighting and shutdown ...................... 48
Preparation and pilots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Lighting gas burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Lighting oil burners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Switching fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Ignition of burners under pressure ....................... 62
Specific firing instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Shutting down a furnace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
7 Some points to remember .......................... 79
Test yourself! ..................................... 83
Acronyms and abbreviations ........................ 87
Short bibliography ................................ 88