فرمت فایل : word(قابل ویرایش)تعداد صفحات39
Chapter 2 introduces you to the basic financial statements used to communicate a company's financial information to outsiders - parties other than the company's directors and managers, who are the "insiders."
What is a financial statement? What does it tell us? Why should we care?
T hese are good questions and they deserve an answer.
A business is a financial entity separate from its owners. Each business must keep financial records. A number of federal and state laws require this. But even if there were no laws, it would still be a good idea anyway. Businesses provide vital goods and services to those living in the community. They provide jobs for people, and tax dollars that improve our roads, parks and schools. It is in everyone's best interest that our community's businesses be successful.
B usiness owners take a risk. What if no one wants to buy their goods or services? The owner has spent time and money to start a business, purchased land, buildings and equipment, hired people to work in the business.... all this done with the hope that the business will be successful. And if the business is NOT a success, the owner may have lost his or her life's savings, workers must find jobs, and creditors may go unpaid.
F inancial information may not make a business successful, but it helps the owner make sound business decisions. It can also help a bank or creditor evaluate the company for a loan or charge account. And the IRS will be interested in collecting the appropriate amount of income tax. So financial information will serve many purposes.
F inancial information comes in many forms, but the most important are the Financial Statements. They summarize relevant financial information in a format that is useful in making important business decisions. If this were not possible, the whole process would be a waste of time. Too much information may be equally useless. Financial statements summarize a large number of Transactions into a small number of significant categories. To be useful, information must be organized.
Quick Quiz
The financial statements of a business entity:
A) Include the balance sheet, income statement, and income tax return.
B) Provide information about the profitability and financial position of the company.
C) Are the first step in the accounting process.
D) Are prepared for a fee by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
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صورتهای مالی مبنا
صورت مالی چیست؟ چه چیزی را نشان می دهد ؟ چرا باید به آن توجه کرد؟
اینها سوالات خوبی هستند و پاسخی هم دارند.
یک واحد تجاری جدا از مالکان آن، یک واحد تجاری می بایست اسناد مالی خود را حفظ کند .این کار مستلزم وجود یک سری قوانین فدرال و ایالتی است . اما حتی اگر قوانین وجود نداشته باشد، حفظ اسناد، معقولانه به نظر می رسد . شرکتهای تجاری کالاها و خدمات مهمی را برای اعضای جامعه تأمین می کنند . برای مرد شغل ایجاد می کنند ، با مالیاتی که می پردازند جاده ها بازسازی می شود و پارکها و مدارس ساخته می شوند و این آرزوی تمام مردم است که شرکتهای تجاری جامعة آنها موفق باشند .
صاحبان واحدهای تجاری ریسک می کنند . اگر هیچ کس تمایلی به خرید کالاها و خدمات آنها نداشته باشد ، چه اتفاقی می افتد ؟
صاحب شرکت برای شروع تجارت دقت و پول خود را صرف می کند ، زمینی را خریداری می کند و یا ساختمان و تجهیزات را خریداری می کند . افرادی را بر کار در شرکت به کار می گیرد و … وی تمام این کارها را به امید موفقیت در تجارت انجام می دهد . و اگر در تجارت خود موفقیت کسب نکند ، ممکن است تمام پس انداز (سرمایه) خود را از دست دهد ، کارکنان او بادی به دنبال شغل بگردند و بدهی طلبکاران نیز پرداخت نشود .
صورتهای مالی مبنا